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Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

#51

Post by isha »

Two recent wonders I saw pictures of

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Ancient Near Eastern. Iran. Vessel with Two Feet, ca. 1000-800 B.C.E. Clay, height: 18 7/8 in. (48 cm). Brooklyn Museum

https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencoll ... cts/218273

Here is an older vessel with feet
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ca. 3900–3650 B.C.
Predynastic, Late Naqada l–Naqada II. Met Museum. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/547212

Nazca mummy with incredibly long hair :shock:

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There's a video in case you (like I) thought it might be fake


The hair is attached after death. If you want to read about the Peruvian mummies - https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/f ... 180956319/

The Chinchorro people were preserving mummies 2000 years before the Egyptians.

There is a video in that link if you scroll down to the discovery of ''the maiden'' Incan mummy.

It is macabre as some of these mummies were sacrificial child victims and drugged for long times before death

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/cult ... s-children
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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

#52

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The Broighter hoard was found near Lough Foyle in a field in the townland of Broighter 2 km northwest of Limavady in County Londonderry. It was discovered by Thomas Nicholl and James Morrow while working as ploughmen for Joseph L. Gibson in February 1896. They found the hoard whilst double ploughing. That means that one plough would follow the other to gain extra depth. It was estimated that the finds were buried 14 inches (36 cm) deep and were in close proximity to each other.

The find was taken to the farm where Maggie (later Mrs Nicholl) washed the items in a sink. At that time they did not realise they were made from gold. The hoard was eventually sold to the British Museum for six hundred pounds. It consisted of a miniature ship, complete with fittings and oars; two necklets, a bowl and a torc (or hollow collar). The find was described as a lump of mud when initially shown. Moreover, the boat had been so badly damaged by the plough that it took a goldsmith to later work out its structure.
(Wiki)
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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

#53

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Ancient Greek civilization was that wee bit more "techie" than I personally thought.

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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

#54

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That Greek yoke has rewritten the books on early tech and how advanced it was. It shouldn't exist going by our knowledge of what they knew and their capablities. If it were never found there's pretty much nada in the literature that survives that would even hint at something that advanced. They also had a steam engine,or used steam to drive mechanisms like doors. That was written down, though we've no idea how it actually worked.

They were a blonde one away from kicking off an industrial revolution 2000 years early. What stopped them was both social and technological. They had slaves and they were the backbone of production and cheap as chips so there was no real impetus to make machines to replace human labour(it's no coincidence that slavery in the West faded away when steam engines came along) and they didn't have the printing press, so information travelled slowly and more importantly wasn't cross referenced, checked and then updated. And much got lost because texts were handmade in small numbers and production secrets were oral. Take the much later Greek Fire used by the Byzantines; an explosive burning substance they used for donkey's years from the 7th to the 14th century and we have no real idea what it was, how it was made or how it was used.

That can't be the only one out there, though bronze stuff has a habit of being melted down. It survived because it was on a shipwreck. The vast majority of ancient bronze statues came down to us by the same route. All the rest we have are marble/stone, because it usually wasn't worth anything.
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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

#55

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The doors of the Pantheon in Rome.

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For years they were thought to be Renaissance replacements until modern metallurgy had a nose about and discovered, nope they're original and made and hung in the first years of the second century AD. They weigh over twenty tonnes each. Back in the 19th century an attempt was made to replace one of the pins and the door swung and killed one of the workers and up until the 80's IIRC one was always slightly ajar. Since been fixed. A couple of other Roman bronze doors have survived after being moved into later churches.

The other thing about the Pantheon is its scale. Even when you're there it's feckin big, but feels quite intimate.

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That is until you stick a couple of people in for scale at the level of those roof square thingies.

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And it's also got it's own astronomical allignment. It does a Newgrange once a year. That is once a year on the official Roman date for the foundation of Rome, when Romulus and Remus laid the first stone or something like that, the hole in the roof, the occulus focuses a huge beam of sunlight that floods the entrance at noon.

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The engineering is insane and it's damned near 2000 years old. :shock: Can you imagine being some visitor from some little wooden hamlet in the provinces and seeing something like that for the first time and the city was chock full of that sorta thing.

Actually if you're ever in Rome and see it, you'll notice it sits a bit below street level compared to its surroundings. Roman temples were always elevated and you generally went up some steps to the entrance, but since Rome has built up over the last twenty centuries the Pantheon stayed where it was while the ground rose up around it.

The sad thing is the earlier by over five hundred years Parthenon in Athens very nearly survived down to us today in a similar condition. It had been converted into a Greek orthodox church, then later on a Catholic one, then after the Ottomans conquered Greece a mosque. Then in the 18th century when they were fighting the Venetians the story goes the Turks decided to put all their gunpowder stock inside it thinking the Italians would avoid shelling such an iconic building. They didn't and a shell did hit it and the whole thing went up in a vast explosion killing hundreds of people in the process. Then it was picked clean for years for building material. :cry: :cry: The Turks had done similar with another building in that complex and that had blown up too.
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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

#56

Post by isha »

Wow!
I have never been to Italy. Can hardly wait to go sometime. Think I will love it
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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

#57

Post by Memento Mori »

Rome is a great place to visit, I went there about six years ago and it was amazing. The churches are spectacular. I'm hoping to go on a pilgrimage there sometime in the future, now that I would have a better appreciation for the spiritual dimension.
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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

#58

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Borgund Stave Church. Built in 1180 approximately. Wood on top of a stone platform.
Of course, there have been many additions and restorations over the years. Originally the roof was covered with horizontal boards and there were no windows. Sources from around 1320 show the church could hold 300 people. Windows were installed after the Reformation in the 16th-century, so that people could read psalms inside the church.
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Wikipedia -
Borgund Stave Church was built sometime between 1180 and 1250 AD with later additions and restorations. Its walls are formed by vertical wooden boards, or staves, hence the name "stave church." The four corner posts are connected to one another by ground sills, resting on a stone foundation. The intervening staves rise from the ground sills; each is tongued and grooved, to interlock with its neighbours and form a sturdy wall.

Borgund is built on a basilica plan, with reduced side aisles, and an added chancel and apse. It has a raised central nave demarcated on four sides by an arcade. An ambulatory runs around this platform and into the chancel and apse, both added in the 14th century. An additional ambulatory, in the form of a porch, runs around the exterior of the building, sheltered under the overhanging shingled roof. The floor plan of this church resembles that of a central plan, double-shelled Greek cross with an apse attached to one end in place of the fourth arm. The entries to the church are in the three arms of the almost-cross.

Structurally, the building has been described as a "cube within a cube", each independent of the other. The inner "cube" is formed by continuous columns that rise from ground level to support the roof. The top of the arcade is formed by arched buttresses, knee jointed to the columns. Above the arcade, the columns are linked by cross-shaped, diagonal trusses, commonly dubbed "Saint Andrew's crosses"; these carry arched supports that offer the visual equivalent of a "second story". While not a functional gallery, this is reminiscent of contemporary second story galleries of large stone churches elsewhere in Europe. Smaller beams running between these upper supporting columns help clamp everything firmly together. The weight of the roof is thus supported by buttresses and columns, preventing downward and outward movement of the stave walls.

The roof beams are supported by steeply angled scissor trusses that form an X shape with a narrow top span and a broader bottom span, tied by a bottom truss to prevent collapse. Additional support is given by a truss that cuts across the X, below the crossing point but above the bottom truss. The roof is steeply pitched, boarded horizontally and clad with shingles. The original outer roof would have been weatherproofed with boards laid lengthwise, rather than shingles. In later years wooden shingles became more common. Scissor beam roof construction is typical of most stave churches.

Borgund has tiered, overhanging roofs, topped with a tower. On the gables of the roof, there are four carved dragon heads, swooping from the carved roof ridge crests, recalling the carved dragon heads found on the prows of Norse ships. Similar gable heads also appear on small bronze house shaped reliquaries common in Norway in this period. Borgund's current dragon heads possibly date from the 18th century, however original dragon heads remaining on earlier structures, such as Lom Stave Church and nearby Urnes Stave Church, the oldest still extant stave church, also in the Sogn district, suggest that there probably would have been similar dragon heads there at one time. Borgund is one of the only churches to still have preserved its ridge crests, carved with openwork vine and vegetal repeating designs.The dragons on top of the church were often used as finials for rain-water drainage away from the gable eaves.

Most of the internal fittings have been removed. There is little in the building, apart from the row of benches that are installed along the wall inside the church in the ambulatory outside of the arcade and raised platform, a soapstone font, an altar (with 17th-century altarpiece), a 16th-century lectern, and a 16th-century cupboard for storing altar vessels. After the Reformation, when the church was converted for Protestant worship, pews, a pulpit and other standard church furnishings were included, however these have been removed since the building has come under the protection of the Fortidsminneforeningen (The Society for the Preservation of Norwegian Ancient Monuments). There would have been more artwork in the building, most likely in the form of statues and crucifixes, as remain in a few other churches, but these are now lost
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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

#59

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What a beautiful building.

Imagine having to paint that with creosote every few years :D
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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

#60

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Hope I have not put this in before but she is one of my favourites. The Sleeping Lady. 4000 - 2500 BC. This clay figure of a reclining lady was found in one of the pits of the Hypogeum in Hal Saflieni in Malta.
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Bronze Age hoard found in Ravensburg, consisting of 24 spiral bracelets made of copper. Dating 1900-1600 BC. Spiral braclets were standardized in size and weight in many parts of Europe and may have been used as currency.
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Willemstad man

About 4,450 BC. Carved from oak and found between the roots of an oak . Height of about 125 mm. Found in Netherlands. Ritual or toy.
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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

#61

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King Seuthes III of Thrace. From his 3rd century BC burial tomb. Bloodshot eyes made of alabaster and glass paste. Eyelashes of copper wire.

You can read about his tomb in Bulgaria here https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomb_of_Seuthes_III
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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

#62

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Viking Age glass gaming pieces, found in a grave at Birka in Sweden, 9th-11th century.
Hnefatafl, meaning King’s Table (or literally, Fist Board Game) in Old Norse, is an asymmetric game of pure strategy played by the Vikings and neighboring people with many variations. Its origins are unclear, but it seems that it has appeared during the Viking period, in the 7th or 8th century CE, in Scandinavia and other lands which the Vikings have conquered, as accounted for in archaeological finds of Hnefatafl pieces. Tawlbwrdd is the Welsh variation of Hnefatafl, played on 11×11 grid board. The original number of pieces in the game has been recorded in a Welsh book of laws from the 13th century, where a law regarding gambling prices from playing Tawlbwrdd for money was recorded.
https://www.ancientgames.org/hnefatafl-tawlbwrdd/

Related - this is the Ballinderry gaming board found in Westmeath, made in Dublin, dated to 9th- 11th centuries

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This gaming board, made from yew wood, is laid out in a grid of peg holes with the centre and corner holes marked off with circular arcs. It would have been used for the Viking war game Hnefatafl, the object of which is to drive the King piece into one of the corners.

The board was discovered during the 1932 excavations at Ballinderry crannog, a rural site occupied from the late 9th to 11th centuries. This site appears to be the homestead of noble of some standing, possibly even a king, judging by the quality and number of finds.

The board is roughly square, has forty-nine holes and is ornamented around the edges with projecting heads (probably handles) and eight panels of carved interlace decoration. Two panels have plain five- and six-strand interlace and two at opposite corners have ring-chain interlace in the Scandinavian Borre style.

This art style used to be associated particularly with the Isle of Man and it was once thought that the gaming board must have originated there. More recently this style has also been shown to occur on Irish metalwork and it is probably more likely that the board was made in Ireland – most likely in Dublin.
https://www.museum.ie/en-IE/Collections ... ming-board
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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

#63

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More blue glass. Roman flask. About 2 inches X 6 inches (moderns can work that out for themselves). 3rd century AD.
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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

#64

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Not an artefact, unless we humans could be considered artefacts, and let's face it some qualify more than others. Listened to this while working yesterday, and found it interesting. Irish DNA - Beaker boys and girls the most of us. No wonder I tan well! 😊
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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

#65

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Found in 2017 at the fort of Vindolanda in England, a toy sword for a child, about 120 AD. Roman.
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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

#66

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We all know the awesome Knowth macehead
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But what about this lovely one from Wales. Finely worked flint macehead, 3000-2500 BCE.
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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

#67

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The yummy looking Knowth macehead, in case you need to see it.
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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

#68

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Those maceheads are astounding, considering the age of them and basically no tools available to work them.
The geometrical patterns that decorate such pieces clearly says to me that ancient peoples had an appreciation of artistic beauty.
I find it hard to believe that such pieces were made by hand and nothing else.

The human species was indeed an amazing addition to the planet eons ago, and has fallen from such grace in a spectacular manner since
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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

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Gebel el-Arak knife.
Gorgeous. Older than the Pyramids.
an ivory and flint knife dating from the Naqada II period of Egyptian prehistory (3500—3200 BC), showing Mesopotamian influence. The knife was purchased in 1914 in Cairo by Georges Aaron Bénédite for the Louvre, where it is now on display in the Sully wing, room 20. At the time of its purchase, the knife handle was alleged by the seller to have been found at the site of Gebel el-Arak, but it is today believed to come from Abydos.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebel_el-Arak_Knife

Carving shows a hunting scene, depiction of Master of the Animals, and possibly a sea raid/battle. Ceremonial knife.

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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

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The Thinker and The Sitting Woman. Ceramic figurines, 7000 years old.
The ceramic figures were discovered in 1956 near the town of Cernavoda. They were in a large cemetery of the Hamangria people, an early farming society that lived in modern day Romania and Bulgaria in about 5000 BCE. This culture would bury their dead in special locations known as necropolises, often with funerary goods like pots, seashells, gold and figurines such as The Thinker.
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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

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The artistic details of some of these pieces never ceases to amaze me. Looking at them transports your mindset back to a simpler time when you realise what they had to hand to make these beautiful, intricate pieces.
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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

#72

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Mesopotamia is the area between the Tigris and Euphrates, modern day Iraq.
This headdress is 4500 years old. The ribbons that would have been wrapped over her hair or wig are 36 foot long and perfectly straight. Very pure gold used. Plus lapis lazuli and carnelian.
Really incredible workmanship.
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From Wikipedia...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_P ... _headdress

Queen Puabi's headdress is a 2600-2450 BCE Mesopotamian crown consisting of ornate gold leaf wreaths, strands of lapis lazuli and carnelian beads, with a gold comb, and delicate hair ribbons.

The entirety of the headdress is estimated to weigh over 6 pounds. The headdress was discovered resting on Queen Puabi's remains in PG 800 during the excavation of the Royal Cemetery at Ur that began in 1922 and concluded in 1934.

Successive Mesopotamian societies built new cities on top of previous civilizations and commonly created tells (multilayer man-made mounds) to preserve human remains. These younger tells (built on top of Queen Puabi's grave) hid and protected her immense riches by making them inaccessible to looters.

Found next to Queen Puabi's remains was a cylinder (identification) seal with the title "nin" inscribed, indicating a great lady or queen. In the grave, excavators also found the remnants of female attendants –– adorned in similar jewelry and hair ribbons –– whose purpose was to serve the queen in her afterlife.

The religious significance of Queen Puabi's headdress demonstrates her royal status as well as her cultic importance.

The unearthing of Ur was led by Charles Leonard Woolley and was a joint expedition sponsored by the Penn Museum and the British Museum.
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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

#73

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Amazing work for sure. Where is this piece now. I am often amazed at the steps taken to protect these items from looters at the burial site, but I often think the real looters were the colonial powers who removed antiquities en masse, and refuse to repatriate them to the country of origin. Thats the real theft taking place.

Its truly amazing the skilset required for such ornate work.
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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

#74

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It's in Penn University.
Yes, on one hand I would agree that it is not good that such astonishing items have been removed from their culture. I have seen some of the most incredible things in poorer places, absolutely treasured by the present occupants.
On the other hand, having watched footage of the Taliban blowing up the Buddha statues in Bamiyan, and knowing the Syrian archaeologist Khaled Al Aseed was executed by ISIL for trying to protect precious artefacts, I am ambivalent about returning items to places that are not presently experiencing their highest cultural flowering.
And I don't much care if that makes me some kind of bigot in the eyes of certain types. If there is a possibility of artefacts being destroyed or neglected leave them in the places they have been wrongly interred.

We have not always managed to preserve and protect our own irreplaceable heritage, so there's that also. So many things have gone missing over the years.
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Re: Interesting Archaeological Artefacts

#75

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Goat Head.
Sumerian. Near Eastern, Iraq.
Copper, Mollusk, Shell and Stone. Now on display at the Penn Museum.

From pre Sargon of Akkad era ( more than 4500 years ago).
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https://www.penn.museum/blog/collection ... he-day-18/
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